• DAergic as well as GABAergic and glutamatergic

  2023-09-13

  

  DAergic, as well as GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, send projections to target forebrain structures, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and support diverse functional roles (Carr and Sesack, 2000a, Carr and Sesack, 2000b, Omelchenko and Sesack, 2009, Taylor

• Fig A shows a schematic representation of histological resul

  2023-09-13

  

  Fig. 2A shows a schematic representation of histological results according to the Franklin and Paxinos Mouse Brain Atlas (2001). The black circles represent the sites of drug infusion that were on-target within the amygdala. Gray circles represent the animals that had infusion locations outside the

• We demonstrate a role for low oxygen to

  2023-09-13

  

  We demonstrate a role for low oxygen to regulate ATX mRNA in hepatocyte-derived HuH7 RO4929097 and human liver slices, consistent with reports of increased ATX expression in a variety of tumours that are frequently hypoxic. Importantly, we show a positive association between elevated ATX mRNA level

• Five alternatively spliced isoforms of ATX have

  2023-09-13

  

  Five alternatively-spliced isoforms of ATX have been described and all are catalytically active [16], [17]. The original ATX described in 1992 is termed ATXα, whereas the most abundant isoform is ATXβ and is the same isoform responsible for plasma lysoPLD activity [18]. Full length ATX is synthesize

• br Autophagy in cancer br Phytochemicals as a valuable

  2023-09-13

  

  Autophagy in cancer Phytochemicals as a valuable source of autophagy modulation agents Epidemiological studies demonstrated that there is a strong association between diet and human cancer mortality so that daily consumption of phytochemicals declines the incidence of different types of cancer

• It is well known that neurosteroids such as testosterone

  2023-09-13

  

  It is well-known that neurosteroids such as testosterone and their metabolites endogenously modulate neural excitability in animals and humans. Testosterone has protective effects against seizures induced by KA and PTZ (Frye et al., 2001b; Reddy, 2004b). Estrogens, on the other hand, have proconvuls

• The elevated levels of intracellular antioxidant such as red

  2023-09-13

  

  The elevated levels of intracellular antioxidant such as reduced glutathione (GSH) are normally oberserved is various tumor Puromycin which confers the chemoresistant to chemotherapy [59]. Therefore, the induction of oxidative stress via elevation of intracellular ROS and dimunition of intracellula

• br Results Four HT esters butyrate caprylate

  2023-09-13

  

  Results Four HT esters (butyrate, caprylate, laurate and stearate esters) were chosen as representative compounds of increasing lipophilicity (Fig. 1). We will refer to them as C4HT, C8HT, C12HT and C18HT, respectively. They have been synthesized, purified and characterized according to our previ

• br HIF Signaling in AA Therapy Resistance An important resul

  2023-09-13

  

  HIF-α Signaling in AA Therapy Resistance An important result emerging from Phase 3 clinical trials testing AA therapies is improvement of progression-free survival (PFS) that is not accompanied by enhanced overall survival (OS) [26]. This dichotomy has been attributed to mechanisms of acquired re

• BGP-15 synthesis Introduction The burden of cardiovascular d

  2023-09-12

  

  Introduction The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is undisputed, accounting for approximately a third of global deaths (17.5 million people in 2012) (WHO, 2012). Atherosclerosis leads to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) which accounts for more than 40% of these deaths (WHO, 201

• br STAR Methods br AMPK A Therapeutic Target

  2023-09-12

  

  STAR★Methods AMPK: A Therapeutic Target in the β Cell? Loss of pancreatic β cell function is a hallmark of the transition to a diagnosis of T2DM (see Glossary) 1, 2, 3, 4. AMPK activation has gained attention for the treatment of hyperglycemia in prediabetes as an insulin-sensitizing agent bec

• br Applications of ATN in clinical trials In

  2023-09-12

  

  Applications of ATN in clinical trials In pivotal trials, the use of biomarkers will also have to be considered in the context of regulatory risk and scrutiny. Although an important intended application of the framework is in research studies, its use will undoubtedly impact clinical development

• br Discussion Here we show opposing effects of iontophoretic

  2023-09-12

  

  Discussion Here, we show opposing effects of iontophoretically administered phenylephrine,aselective α1-AR agonist, on firing of putatively DAergic and non-DAergic neurons recorded in vivo in the VTA of urethane anaesthetized rats. Phenylephrine application caused a relatively weak decrease in fi

• In conclusion we have shown that mGlu receptors negatively

  2023-09-12

  

  In conclusion, we have shown that mGlu7 receptors negatively regulate α1-adrenergic receptor signalling in heterologous expression systems, Zoniporide hydrochloride tissue and living animals. This interaction might represent a protective mechanism aimed at restraining an excessive activation of nor

• br Therapeutic advantages and clinical implications of

  2023-09-12

  

  Therapeutic advantages and clinical implications of caffeine treatment in ROP The demonstration of the role of the adenosine receptor in development of ROP and protection by caffeine suggests two potential therapeutic strategies with high translational potential: a) modification of caffeine treat

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