• The specific functions of ERs and

  2024-04-17

  

  The specific functions of ERs and AR underline their crucial roles during different phases of spermatogenesis. Their deregulation could affect numerous downstream targets, thereby, disrupting spermatogenesis and male fertility. Various studies have shown that estrogen-like chemicals in the environme

• Gentamycin Sulfate Perhaps the first evidence of AMPKs thera

  2024-04-17

  

  Perhaps the first evidence of AMPKs therapeutic ability in DM1 came from Thomas Cooper’s laboratory where they demonstrated that insulin-independent glucose uptake was unaffected in human DM1 muscle Gentamycin Sulfate treated with MET, an AMPK activator and first-line therapy for type 2 diabetes me

• br The lipoxygenase pathway in diseases of the nervous

  2024-04-17

  

  The 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway in diseases of the nervous system Conclusions and future perspectives Arachidonic lactacystin and other polyunsaturated fatty acids, and their lipid metabolites, play very important roles in human health and disease. This review has outlined the functions of 12-

• Aldose reductase ALR EC the first enzyme in

  2024-04-17

  

  Aldose reductase (ALR2, EC1.1.1.21), the first enzyme in the polyol pathway, is a monomeric oxidoreductase that catalyses the NADPH-dependent reduction of a wide variety of carbonyl compounds, especially glucose. In this metabolism pathway, glucose is firstly reduced to sorbitol catalyzed by ALR2 w

• The finding that OCT is

  2024-04-17

  

  The finding that OCT3 is expressed in the nucleus accumbens (Gasser et al., 2009) suggests that inhibition of this transporter may underlie previously described effects of glucocorticoids on extracellular DA concentrations and indicates that DA clearance in this region is not mediated exclusively b

• Ketogenic diets are more effective in promoting weight

  2024-04-17

  

  Ketogenic diets are more effective in promoting weight loss than conventional caloric restriction [26] however, their effect on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism remains inconclusive. Blood glucose homeostasis is tightly regulated. In both mice and humans consuming KD, baseline blood glucose decr

• Introduction Adenosine monophosphate cAMP is a general purpo

  2024-04-17

  

  Introduction Adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) is a general-purpose signaling molecule present in most branches of life. Intracellular cAMP levels control diverse cellular functions. In bacteria, cAMP regulates metabolism by activation of the catabolite activator protein (CAP), also known as cAM

• br Discussion Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a main

  2024-04-17

  

  Discussion Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is a main threat to mankind, with one third of the world population being infected. [9] Over nine million new cases of tuberculosis and two million deaths from this disease occur yearly worldwide. [10] The rising incidence of tuberculosis over the l

• A previous study reported that the serotonergic mechanism wa

  2024-04-16

  

  A previous study reported that the serotonergic mechanism was involved in the psychological stress-induced alteration in synaptic plasticity in the rat hippocampal CA1 field (Matsumoto et al., 2004). Sumitaka Inoue et al. (Inoue et al., 2014) reported that pretreatment with a 5-HT1A receptor partial

• br Conclusion br Acknowledgments This research has been supp

  2024-04-16

  

  Conclusion Acknowledgments This research has been supported by the Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund 2013 of Chulalongkorn University (CU-56-341-AS) and the Ratchadapiseksompotch Fund (RA55/22), Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University. The authors commemorate the 100th Anniversary of

• br Autophagy at the Synapse The

  2024-04-16

  

  Autophagy at the Synapse The synapse is a highly specialized neuronal compartment that forms the basic unit of communication between neurons. Communication relies on electrical signals that are propagated down the axon of the presynaptic neuron, where they trigger the quantal release of neurotran

• aldose reductase Tumor suppressor ARF regulates the activity

  2024-04-16

  

  Tumor suppressor ARF regulates the activity of p53 by inhibiting the functions of Mdm2. ARF is induced by hyperproliferative signals emanating from oncogenic Ras, overexpressed c-myc, and from deregulated E2F . ARF prevents p53 degradation and leads to increased p53 function by sequestering Mdm2 to

• br Synthetic lethal approaches In addition to the potential

  2024-04-16

  

  Synthetic lethal approaches In addition to the potential utility of ATM and ATR as chemo- or radiosensitisers, recent studies suggest that such compounds may have single agent activity in certain subsets of patients through induction of synthetic lethality. Two genes are considered synthetically

• AP was originally described as a heterodimer

  2024-04-16

  

  AP-1 was originally described as a heterodimer of the bZIP proteins c-Jun and c-Fos. The experiments described here showed that stimulation of TRPV1 channels induced the expression of both of these classical constituents of AP-1. The essential role of both proteins was analyzed in a series of experi

• dopamine-2 receptor antagonist Different antioxidants were d

  2024-04-16

  

  Different antioxidants were described as useful biomarkers in monitoring response to treatment in human and veterinary medicine [33,65,66]. In the same line, Thiol and TAC also proved to be useful biomarkers in monitoring the post-ovariohysterectomy period in queens with pyometra, since antioxidants

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